Definitions.

Characteristics of Product services: 

Benefits offered:  
Some adverts will come with benefits offered. These are usually money off deals or bundles that the product comes with. If you buy a product with bundle offers and you buy them in bulk they normally have a number at the bottom of the advert you would be able to call.

Advantage of a similar products:
Having a similar product is good because it means that the company can advertise both products in the same advert. The company could also use the same bases behind the first advert for the second advert allowing the company to save money on an advertising campaign for the second advert.

USP:
This is a factor that differentiates a product from its competitors, such as the lowest cost or the highest quality of the product or even if this the first-ever product of its kind. A UPS could be seen as 'what you have that competitors don't'.

Lifestyle appeal:  
Lifestyle appeal is denoting advertising or products designed to appeal to consumer by association with a desirable lifestyle.

Brand identity:
This is the complete look and feel of the brand. Brand identity includes the brand names and logos, the colour schemes, slogan and values. A brand identity is used in an advert to make the audience recognise and identify the product easily.

Regulations:

Ofcom:
The office of communications, also know as ofcom, this is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the united kingdom. They mostly regulate the Tv and Film that gets shown and aired in the Uk. The audience and/or viewer are allowed to make a complaint about any media product. Ofcom then look at the complaint and then ban the media product if it is hurtful or offensive.

ASA: 
The advertising Standards Authority is the UK's independent regulator of advertising across all media. They apply the advertising codes, which are normally written by the committees of advertising practice. The asa regulate the systems self-regulation for non-broadcast advertising and the co-regulation for broadcast advertising.

Audience Information: 

Audience measurement panels: 
These are how many people are in the audience. These are usually for radio listenership and television viewership.

Ratings:
This is a classification of someone or something based on a comparative assessment of their quality, standard or performance. Tv adverts rarely get ratings because they aren't like movies and celebrities and wont get ratings.

Focus groups:
This is a group of people assembled to participate in a discussion about a product before it is launched, or to provide feedback on a political campaign, television series. 

Questionnaires: 
These are a set of questions with a choice of answers, These are made for the purpose of surveys or statistical study. 

Programme Profiles:
This is a breakdown of who watches the programme and it's useful to the advertisers so that when they come to show their audience a new product they know who to target. 

Face-to-face interview:
These are a good ways to research when there are highly knowledgeable people who need to understand an issue.

Broadcasters:
These are a person or thing that broadcasts. They are also a person or an organisation that run as a network or a station that usually broadcasts radio or television programmes. 

Broadcasters Audience Research board (BARB):

Television research agencies:
Barb was set up in 1981 to provide the industry standard television audience measurement service for broadcasters and the advertising industry. BARB is owned by BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, BSkyB and the IPA  (Institute of Practitioners in Advertising)

They Provide services that their users want, such as the production of audience viewing figures. RSMB, Ipsos, MORI and Kantar Media hold the audience measurement contracts. 

Sources of Information: 

Rate Cards:
These are the rate that companies pay to put advertisements in slots of television programs. the amount of money they have to pay depends on the time and program that the advert is on. If they want to have their advert on a popular television shows that are on during prime time slots they will have to pay a lot more money to have their advert aired.  This is because more people will be watching at the prime slot.

Advertiser's information packs:
These includes information that helps advertisers make informed decisions about when they should advertise certain products. They include many things such as Brand overviews, reader profiles, product overview and website statics. These packs are made to help advertisers in making informed decisions.

Audience classification: 

Standard occupational Classification: 
This is a United States government system of classifying occupations. They use this to collect occupational data this will enable comparisons of occupations across data sets.

Psychographics: 
This is a study of personality, values, opinions, attitudes, interests and lifestyles. This area of research focuses on interests, attitudes and opinions these factors are also called IAO variables.

Geodemographic: 
This is a statistical technique for discovering wether some people of the population fall into different groups by making different comparisons of multiple characteristics with the assumption that the differences within any group should be less than the differences between group.
By Annabelle Hill

Television Advertising Techniques

I used secondary research for the purpose of finding out the different styles and techniques, this will enable me to analyse 2 TV adverts. 

Hidden Message:

Hidden message adverts are where the company put in a messages in the advert that people normally don't see with the first look at the advert but when they go back and look at the advert again they are able to see the hidden message in the advert.
This is an example of a hidden because you can see in the burger that KFC have added ad dollar bill in to the lettuce of their burger, this is probably to show that only thing you need to buy this burger is a dollar. This is because the whole adverts is about a burger that is only 99 cent and this is to show people the point of the advert.


Overt message: 

An overt message is when the advert is really obvious about what they are trying to say. They aren't being quiet about it. Although overt messages are legal they still have to go through and get accepted by the government because they need to make sure that advert isn't offensive or out of their guidelines. The main point of an advert that has an overt message is to make the costumer want to buy your product or take your advise. This is an example of an overt advert because they are giving a message out to their audience about how girls need to be more confident they aren't hiding this message they are making sure that people know what they are trying to say.

Emotional response: 

This is an advert that makes the audience feel sad about whats going in the advert. These are made for serious situations such as the example i used, which s an fire alarm advert and what happens if people don't get their fire alarms checked to make sure they are working. The advert uses a child to do that advert as it may get to people more then if they used an adult as they are trying to make the audience think what if it was their kid. They also give facts about the problem which will make parents think about that more as well. These kinda of adverts are only used during something serious and also when they want to get a really important message across.


Celebrity endorsement:

This is when a company put celebrities in their adverts, this is this type of style because when they use a celebrity people become interested in which ever person they have used. This is because the audience recognises the person on screen and there fore have become more interested in the product that they are selling, this is because when people see that a celebrity they really like is using the product that company is selling then they think that they have to use the same company. I have chosen this advert because everyone knows the company and everyone knows who they have used. I think this is good style to use because more people will listen to the advert then they are just to skip though it.   

Solving a problem:

This is when they have person who is in need of help and they send someone to help, they normally keep the same person who goes in and helps so that you remember them and because you remember the character they use you then remember the brand and are more likely to buy the product. I have chosen this advert because the company has used this as a style of advertisement, they have used this because people remember who he is and every time they see a product or an advert they are going to think of either the advert or the product. Lots of companies with things like cleaning products do adverts like this because they know the advert will stand for its purpose which is to help out with cleaning. 

Repetition:

This style of advertisement is used in adverts through songs, slogans or brand names this is because the audience will remember those things through the use of repetition in the adverts. I have chosen the go compare advert because he sings the same song in every advert, this helps the company because if people are trying to find car insurance but they cant think of any good sites because this advert will leave you remembering the song and because you remember the company and the product thy are selling. People remember the song because the company make the song so catchy that you forget every other song that you had heard that day. 

Shock tactic:

These styles of adverts are used to put fear into the audience watching, this is so that the audience doesn't do the thing being shown in the advert. I have chosen a Think drive safety advert because these adverts are the main shock adverts as every advert they make scares people into being safe, this is a good tactic because it means that people are less likely to do the thing in the advert because they know what happens if they do. This is the adverts purpose and i think the Think adverts do a very good job using this style of advert. 

Sex:

This advert is usually only used buy companies like lynx. This type of advert recognises that human sexual attraction and impulses are a stronger form of advertisement then many other therefore making it more memorable. I have used the lynx advert because i think it uses this style in all of its adverts. They use this style to gain the attention of one particular target audience, male teenagers or young adults because they think that at this time most teenage boys will be think about girls and they say that if you buy the product and use to then they will get good looking girls falling out of the sky just for them. 

Intertextuality:

This style of advert is used to refer to a different media outlet, they may use character, music or other elements from the text. I have picked this advert because vodaphone are using this style to tell their costumers about free phone chargers. They have used Yoda to play in their advert because they know he is someone that people remember as he plays a big part in the Star Wars films this helps vodaphone because people will remember the advert because of the character in the advert.

voice over:

This style of advert is when there is someone talking directly to the audience. They are used to promote recognition and memorability. They often use celebrities to do the voices as they are easy to pick out and remember. I have picked this advert because they have used this style well. They are using a song that people know and also using a celebrity that people know and that they will remember because people remember familiar face and they then link the face and the voice to the advert the person is in. 

special language: 
These styles have a language that suits the product,  They would use positive language to promote a positive message and/or image about the product they are trying to sell.
Stereotypes:

Stereotypes are used in adverts when they don't have enough time to explain who the characters are. These adverts are normally oversimplified so they use stereotypes to give the information at first glance of the characters. I have used the fosters advert because they give a great example of stereotypes as fosters use Australians who are drinking a beer and having a barbecue in the sun.  I think that foster used a good style for their advert because it gets peoples attention and makes them want to buy the product.  

Music:

Music is used in adverts to promote their product, they also are very helpful to give the artist more promotion of their song. This advert uses the style of music to promote their advert because it means people will listen to the music and will remember the advert. This is good because it means people are less likely to forget the advert  because they will remember the song and because they will remember it that means that they will remember the advert and are more likely to watch the advert again. 

Television advertising Forms

I used secondary research for the purpose of finding out the different styles and techniques, this will enable me to analyse 2 TV adverts.

Realist Narrative:

Realist Narrative adverts is when an advert is seen as real life and are facing the audience with real life problems. The adverts that are realist narrative are used to make the audience feel like they are watching something realistic and something that they can relate to when they are going round every day life. I have chosen this video because even though it talks about a fairy tale characters is gives people a sight into how some peoples life's are actually lived and live in everyday life. The advert shows the Three little pigs getting put into jail because of not paying the money they need to pay, but it is also shows the use of social media to let people tell everyone about what their thoughts are about different problems that are going on in the world, it also lets the audience know that there is somewhere they can go to talk about this problem freely with people who think the same about this problem and want to talk about it.


Anti-Realist narrative:
Anti-realist narrative adverts are adverts that are fake and are made in mostly a made up world or they use tv and/or films. This is to catch the audiences eye and makes them want to watch because they recognise the character that the advert is using.  I have chosen this video because i know that people will watch it as it has a recognisable character playing the main part. This will get people to watch because they know who they are. Also anti-realists narrative is something thats not real so when they make the advert they can make the advert direct to one set of people or they can aim their advert at a large group of people. This is good because it means that if they want a certain people to watch their advert they are able to make the advert to them.
Animation:
Animation adverts are used to make more fantastic and they are also able to make impossible scenes. Animation goes from w wide range starting with 2D all the way to CGI which would help create those impossible scenes. I have chosen this advert because it  shows the use of animation as they create some impossible scenes which you wouldn't have been able to do with actual humans. I like this advert because they used a certain style of animation that makes it look more human than it does animation and that it makes it feel more like a human. This makes a sort of connection with the audience because they don't feel like they are watching a cartoon character but are watching something that they can relate to.
Documentary:

Documentaries are adverts made  to tell audience about things that are going on in the world around them, the advert is informing the audience about the problems that other countries are having.  Documentaries can be parodied as they are very simple adverts. I chose this advert because its a charity advert which means its going to be informing the audience about how families in 3rd world countries don't have clean water and how we can help by donating. Most people try to avoid charity adverts because the audience thinks that they are trying to guilt trick them into donating or trying to make them feel bad for not donating. This advert shows this as it is very 'in your face' and talks about the children dying which will get some people to donate but not everyone. But because everyone has their own charities that they donate to then they will not find this sort of advert very interesting. The reason why charity adverts are so 'in your face' is because there is so much competition that they have to make adverts which make the audience feel bad so that they have a slight chance someone will give them money.

Talking heads:
Talking head adverts are when the person in the advert is talking to the audience directly by facing the camera and talking about the product. I have chosen this advert because its funny and directs the audience directly and they are talking about the product. I also chose this advert because it makes a connection with the audience
where the advert is trying to get the audience to do the things that advert wants them to do. This advert is amid at women as they have all the things that women wold want, its amid at women so that they can go buy their significant other the product that they are trying to sell. This works for this advert because they know that men may not listen to the advert and therefore wont buy the product but if they amid it at women they can put all the things in that may please a women, therefore the product being brought.
Series:
These are the types of adverts that have a story to the adverts and over a series of weeks the adverts tell a story to the audience about the product. i haven't been able to find an advert for this because most companies don't use this style of advert anymore because people normally just skip through the adverts now days that companies know that people wont keep up with this style of advert. This means that most advert companies will just stick to short catchy adverts. Some companies do use this style because they think that they may be able to get the audiences attention and make them want to see what happens to the characters in the advert.
By Annabelle Hill

Halsey- Colours

genre- Indie/ Alternative soothing

length/Pace-  4 minutes 9 seconds, starts slow builds up speed throughout the song
Meaning-  When she's with her partner she feels as if they are one (colour) that they make together, it also shows that love can go in any direction as it depends on the people involved and how they feel about each other.

Narrative- The song tells a story about a boy who is depressed and is only happy when on some form of drugs. The narrator of the story/song is the singer (Halsey) she describes how he makes her feel and how together they can be more then just two colours.

Impressions- Makes you feel sorry for her as she tried her to get the relationship between the two characters to work. You also feel sorry for the the male as he hasn't had much of a good life and makes you wish that things were different for him.

Imagery and symbolism- The colours are a symbol as they are showing the emotions of the two characters.


Copy of the Lyrics:
"Colors"

Your little brother never tells you but he loves you so
You said your mother only smiled on her TV show
You're only happy when your sorry head is filled with dope
I hope you make it to the day you're 28 years old

You're dripping like a saturated sunrise
[Alternative version:] You're dripping like a saturated sunlight
You're spilling like an overflowing sink
You're ripped at every edge but you're a masterpiece
And now you're tearing through the pages and the ink
[Alternative version:] And now I'm tearing through the pages and the ink

Everything is blue
[Alternative version:] Everything was blue
His pills, his hands, his jeans
And now I'm covered in the colors
Pulled apart at the seams
And it's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue
And it's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue

Everything is grey
[Alternative version:] Everything was grey
His hair, his smoke, his dreams
[Alternative version:] His hair, his smokes, his dreams
And now he's so devoid of color
He don't know what it means
[Alternative version:] Doesn't know what it means
And he's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue
And he's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue

You were a vision in the morning when the light came through
[Alternative version:] You were a vision in the morning when the lights came through
I know I've only felt religion when I've lied with you
[Alternative version:] I know I've only feel religion when I'm lying with you
You said you'll never be forgiven 'til your boys are too
And I'm still waking every morning but it's not with you

You're dripping like a saturated sunrise
[Alternative version:] You're dripping like a saturated sunlight
You're spilling like an overflowing sink
You're ripped at every edge but you're a masterpiece
And now you're tearing through the pages and the ink
[Alternative version:] And now I'm tearing through the pages and the ink

Everything is blue
[Alternative version:] Everything was blue
His pills, his hands, his jeans
And now I'm covered in the colors
Pulled apart at the seams
[Alternative version:] Torn apart at the seams
And it's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue
And it's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue

Everything is grey
[Alternative version:] Everything was grey
His hair, his smoke, his dreams
[Alternative version:] His hair, his smokes, his dreams
And now he's so devoid of color
He don't know what it means
[Alternative version:] Doesn't know what it means
And he's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue
And he's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue

Everything is blue
Everything is blue
Everything is blue
Everything is blue

You were red and you liked me 'cause I was blue
[Alternative version:] You were red and you liked me because I was blue
You touched me and suddenly I was a lilac sky
And you decided purple just wasn't for you

Everything is blue
His pills, his hands, his jeans
And now I'm covered in the colors
Pulled apart at the seams
[Alternative version:] Torn apart at the seams
And it's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue
And it's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue

Everything is grey
His hair, his smoke, his dreams
[Alternative version:] His hair, his smokes, his dreams
And now he's so devoid of color
He don't know what it means
[Alternative version:] Doesn't know what it means
And he's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue
And he's blue
[Alternative version:] And makes me blue

Everything is blue [4x]
[Alternative version:] Everything was blue [2x]

The purpose of a music Video

There are lots of different purposes for a music video. The purpose of a music video is to promote the song, artist, film and the record company.

The music video promotes the song because it explains what the songs are about and it puts an image to the words and helps people to understand what the message of the song is. Music videos also promote the song because people remember the video which helps the listener to remember who it was sung by.


The music video helps promote the bands/artists new album as they can insert something which relates to the album name or cover, an example of this is the song Kids in the Dark which is from the Future Hearts album. This is what they include in the song to tell people what album it's from it also means people will remember the cover and search up for more music with that album cover.

The promotion of a new artists in music videos are shown if they help by singing in the music video or being part of the music video. This helps new artists as it gives them a name and it makes people want to search them up and listen to any music that they have previously made. For example Eminem and Emeli Sande as this was her first music video that went live and because of that people started to like Emeli Sande, as they knew she was a good singer and started making good music.

The artist changing their musical directions or image will promote the band/artist because it will reach out to an wider audience and have more people that will reach out to the band/artist and start listening to their music. An example of this is Taylor Swift she went from being a country singer to becoming a very famous pop-culture singer/ songwriter. 

Bands or artists music video also gets promotion by the song being part of a film or tv programme. This help s the band/artist get promotion on the video as people who hear the song will watch the video and then they will watch the movie this helps them because they might show the film to their friends and then it goes around in a circle. An example of this is Adele who stared in the James Bond film Skyfall with her song Skyfall.

The music video increases the income for the record label as they get to put their name on the video and every time its gets played they get more money. Bands and Artist can also make their own record label or own one that was already owned and they just brought it out. The recored label also gets promotion because up and coming bands might look at the record label and go to them to start their career as a band or artist. An example if a band or artist owning his or her own record label is Oasis, they own Big Brother records and Beady Eye records when they split up and became Beady Eye. 

The bands/artists get promotion by the use of social media like twitter, Facebook or youtube. This helps promote a band as it gives them a chance to say what they want about their music video or their song or if their song is part of something like a film or a tv programme. People who use social media a lot are people like Taylor Swift or Nicki Minaj 

Techniques of music videos

Techniques of music videos
Cutting to the beat:

Cutting to the beat is when the music video changes from one scene to another when a certain note is hit. An example of cutting to the beat is Foo Fighters Pretender this is an example because it uses cutting to the beat twice, they are both towards the end. The first example of cutting to the beat is when as soon as the music goes soft the people dressed in police gear  start running towards the band and then as soon as the music picks back up again the wall behind the band breaks and red paint and water start spraying out at the band and the police. I think that the technique the band has chosen works because it shows the audience what they want us to think about the video. I also think this works because it goes with the genre of music. 





Effects:

A Special Effect that has been added to the music video or a sound affect that has been added to the song. Brick by Boring Brick by Paramore is an example of this because they use affects to create this magical land and they use special effects to place people in mirrors. I think this works because it suits the style of the band and it suits the song lyrics. I also think the audience likes the way they made this video as its the way they imagined how they should make music videos. 

Miming and Lip syncing:

Miming and lip syncing is when a band or artists doesn't sing live they sing along to an already recorded song. Nirvana is an example of this because they want on top of the pops and was told they weren't allowed to sing live so what Kurt did was change some of the words and sang the song deeper then it was originally recorded to show people that they weren't going to lip sync. I disagree with the way they done this because its not how the genre of rock goes and also the band wouldn't normally agree to do miming and/or lip syncing as its not how they would normally play live. I think the audience also disagreed because they like when the band put there own spin on how the song is sung live and would like it different to the track song. 






Multi-mage:

 This is when a band or artist puts multiple videos in their one music video. Example Kickstarts is an example of this because it shows different people being the top of the head doing eye movements and shows different people being the bottom of the head singing the song. It also shows different people dancing and takes other peoples bodies and puts them over the top of the original person. I think this works because it goes with the rhythm of the song and keeps the song up beat and happy. I think the audience liked it as it keeps to the artist and doesn't change to much to what the artist has done in previous videos.












Camera Angles: 
Camera angles are very different for different videos. There are low shots and high shots and some that show a large area at the beginning to give people an insight into where the music video is set. There are also extreme close up shots which are very close shots of the eyes or teeth.  This is an example of a close up as it starts of by zooming off Chris Martians face to show you where he's lying down. This is also and example of a high angle. I think this worked because it goes along with the lyrics and gives it more of an emotional level to the song and makes people feel the meaning to the song by his facial expressions. I think the audience liked it because they are not straying to far from their path and making something people wont enjoy.


Camera movements: 
Just like any other form of media, there will always be a certain camera movements that are used for the different reasons; an establishing shot will generally set the scene at the beginning; a long shot will normally set out the location of a closer scene, so that the audience have a better understanding of the atmosphere.

Conventions of music Videos


Lyric Interpretation:
This is when an artist or a band links the video to the lyrics which links to what the singer is singing about. It can be overused in some music videos and makes it less creative and makes it less enjoyable to listen to. I have used Coldplay Viva la Vida as an example because it shows that the lyrics and the video come together as it talks about a king who loses his throne and about the fact that he lost statues the video shows this as it shows abandon castles and lot so fold English historical images like the Tudor rose. The video is also set up to look like everything in the shot is broken or cracked with shows how the king has lost everything.  I  think this convention works for the band because it shows images of what the lyrics are about and it also means that people can focus on the song and the lyrics more then the video. They have done more videos since then and I think that they would have been much better doing a music video to this song instead of not having one.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvgZkm1xWPE

Extending or consolidating songs meanings:
This is when the artist or band is using symbolism or mise en scene to make the meaning go further and/or add a meaning to the song. This can also bring the lyrics together into a visual definition of what the song is about. I have used Lily Allen LDN as an example because it shows that when you look once everything seems so nice and amazing but when you look again it just shows that nothing about it is real. I think this convention works really well with the artist as its very her style and it doesn't stray to far from pervious videos and music.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmYT79tPvLg

Focus on Performer:

This is when the music video puts more attention on the artists or performer then they do anything else. 

The three types of performance are: 

Dance

Song 

Instrumental
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvFH_6DNRCY

Lighting for mood:

The lighting is mainly based on how the mood is created. There are three basic elements: Key, Contrast and Colour. The difference between straight and artistic video lighting is mood. As to give an example if the mood is quite tense then the lighting will be very dim and not very colourful where as if the mood was happy and vibrant then the lighting would be very bright and in certain situations may change colours. This is an example of this because the lighitng is dark and the mood of the video is very dark so the lighting helps as it gives it more of a feel of being dark and gloomy. I think this convention works for this song as it is trying to lay across a message to people and because of the lighting it does that and it also works with the artist as this is how all their music is and will continue to be this way. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YR5ApYxkU-U

Pace and cuts of the music video:
The pace of the music video all depends on what sort of song it is, if the song is slow then the pace is going to be slow and the rate of the shots that change in each part of the song will not be the same speed as the rate of the song, It would be the opposite if the song was fast pace the camera angles and shots would change and be very different as the song has a different speed. 



Editing:
Editing is very important as its the last part of making a music video as it enables the artists to make sure they can take out any thing that they don't want and add anything that they think they are missing. It also helps the band/artists to see if there's massive cuts in their video that they don't want or that are not necessary and also if they mess up they can just get rid of the bit that they did wrong.

Allusion:
This is when the audience thinks that something is going to happen but then it turns our that it wasn't as it first seemed.



Links to other artists:
This is when a band/ artist makes a music video or song and put another aritsts name or band in the lyrics or video. This is an example of this because the person who sings with Eminem states his name at the beginning and is featured a lot throughout the music video. I think this convention is good for the artist as it means that he can try out different people and see who fits what he wants it to sound like. Also I think the audience liked it because it means that an artist they like is giving them someone else to listen to who isn't as big and has more of their own music. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVkUvmDQ3HY